Acne is a common skin condition caused by clogged pores, excess oil production, bacteria, and inflammation. It can present as blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, nodules, or cysts. Treatment Modalities: 1. Topical Treatments: • Retinoids (e.g., tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene): Unclog pores and prevent new acne. • Benzoyl Peroxide: Kills bacteria and reduces inflammation. • Topical Antibiotics (e.g., clindamycin, erythromycin): Reduce bacterial growth. • Azelaic Acid & Salicylic Acid: Exfoliate and reduce pigmentation. 2. Oral Medications: • Antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline, minocycline): Control bacterial overgrowth and inflammation. • Hormonal Therapy (e.g., oral contraceptives, spironolactone): Useful in female patients with hormonal acne. • Isotretinoin: A powerful retinoid for severe, resistant acne. 3. Procedural Treatments: • Chemical Peels (e.g., salicylic acid, glycolic acid): Help with acne and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. • Lasers & Light Therapy (e.g., blue light, IPL, fractional lasers): Reduce bacteria and inflammation. • Extraction & Drainage: For comedones and cysts. 4. Skincare & Lifestyle: • Non-comedogenic products, regular cleansing, balanced diet, stress management. Treatment is customized based on acne severity, skin type, and individual response.